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DocumentationhackLearnExpressions And OperatorsScope Resolution

Expressions And Operators: Scope Resolution

When the left-hand operand of operator :: is an enumerated type, the right-hand operand must be the name of an enumeration constant within that type. For example:

enum ControlStatus: int {
  Stopped = 0;
  Stopping = 1;
  Starting = 2;
  Started = 3;
}

function main(ControlStatus $p1): void {
  switch ($p1)
  {
  case ControlStatus::Stopped:
    ...
    break;
  case ControlStatus::Stopping:
    ...
    break;
  ...
  }
  ...
}

From inside or outside a class or interface, operator :: allows the selection of a constant. From inside or outside a class, this operator allows the selection of a static property, static method, or instance method. For example:

final class MathLibrary {
  const PI = 3.1415926;
  public static function sin(float $val): float { ... }
  ...
}
$radius = 3.4;
$area = MathLibrary::PI * $radius * $radius;
$v = MathLibrary::sin(2.34);

From within a class, :: also allows the selection of an overridden property or method.

From within a class, self::m refers to the member m in that class. For example:

class Point {
  private static int $pointCount = 0;
  public static function getPointCount(): int {
    return self::$pointCount;
  }
  ...
}

From within a class, parent::m refers to the closest member m in the base-class hierarchy, not including the current class. For example:

class MyRangeException extends \Exception {
  public function __construct(string $message, ...)
  {
    parent::__construct($message);
    ...
  }
  ...
}

From within a method, static::m refers to the static member m in the class that corresponds to the class inheritance context in which the method is called. This allows late static binding. Consider the following scenario:

class Base {
  public function b(): void {
    static::f();  // calls the most appropriate f()
  }
  public static function f(): void { ... }
}
class Derived extends Base {
  public static function f(): void { ... }
}
$b1 = new Base();
$b1->b(); // as $b1 is an instance of Base, Base::b() calls Base::f()
$d1 = new Derived();
$d1->b(); // as $d1 is an instance of Derived, Base::b() calls Derived::f()

The value of the a scope-resolution expression ending in ::class is a string containing the fully qualified name of the current class, which for a static qualifier, means the current class context. A variable name followed by :: and a name results in a constant whose value has the classname type for the variable name's type. For example:

namespace NS_cn;
class C1 { ... }
class C2 {
  public static classname<\NS_cn\C1> $p1 = \NS_cn\C1::class;
  public static function f(?classname<C1> $p) : classname<C1> { ... }
  public static array<classname<C1>> $p2 = array(C1::class);
}